phoneme
[ foh-neem ]
/ ˈfoʊ nim /
noun Linguistics.
any of a small set of units, usually about 20 to 60 in number, and different for each language, considered to be the basic distinctive units of speech sound by which morphemes, words, and sentences are represented. They are arrived at for any given language by determining which differences in sound function to indicate a difference in meaning, so that in English the difference in sound and meaning between pit and bit is taken to indicate the existence of different labial phonemes, while the difference in sound between the unaspirated p of spun and the aspirated p of pun, since it is never the only distinguishing feature between two different words, is not taken as ground for setting up two different p phonemes in English.
Compare distinctive feature(def 1).
Origin of phoneme
1890–95; < French
phonème < Greek
phṓnēma sound, equivalent to
phōnē-, verbid stem of
phōneîn to make a sound (derivative of
phonḗ sound, voice) +
-ma noun suffix denoting result of action
Words nearby phoneme
phone-jack,
phonecam,
phonecard,
phonematic,
phonematics,
phoneme,
phonemic,
phonemicize,
phonemics,
phonendoscope,
phoner
Example sentences from the Web for phonemes
The vocabulary is different but the syntax and phonemes are nearly identical.
Blessed Are the Meek |G.C. Edmondson
British Dictionary definitions for phonemes
phoneme
/ (ˈfəʊniːm) /
noun
linguistics
one of the set of speech sounds in any given language that serve to distinguish one word from another. A phoneme may consist of several phonetically distinct articulations, which are regarded as identical by native speakers, since one articulation may be substituted for another without any change of meaning. Thus /p/ and /b/ are separate phonemes in English because they distinguish such words as pet and bet, whereas the light and dark /l/ sounds in little are not separate phonemes since they may be transposed without changing meaning
Word Origin for phoneme
C20: via French from Greek
phōnēma sound, speech
Medical definitions for phonemes
phoneme
[ fō′nēm′ ]
n.
The smallest phonetic unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning, as the m of mat and the b of bat in English.